While royal blue sapphires are typically the most desirable and valuable, sapphires come in basically all colors. The color changes due to trace amounts of minerals in the stone. The possible colors include:
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Yellow
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Orange
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Pink
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Purple
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Blue
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Green
The chemical composition of the stone changes the color. Corundum is, in its purest form, the element Al203. If it is truly pure, this creates a colorless gem or leukosapphire.
But often, other things get tossed into the fray. Traces of elements like iron, titanium, and copper are common. These elements can come and go as the stone forms. The amount that these are present will affect the color.